Monday, July 23, 2012

HVAC FORMULAS

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Contents
TON OF REFRIGERATION
APPROXIMATELY 2 inches in Hg. (mercury) = 1 psi
WORK =
ONE HORSEPOWER =
CONVERTING KW to BTU
CONVERTING BTU to KW
COULOMB =
OHM'S LAW =
WATTS (POWER) =
U FACTOR =
ONE FARAD CAPACITY =
MFD (microfarad) =
LRA (Locked rotor amps) =
TEV (shown in equilibrium)
RPM of motor =
DRY AIR =
WET AIR =
SPECIFIC DENSITY =
SPECIFIC DENSITY OF AIR =
STANDARD AIR =
SENSIBLE HEAT FORMULA (Furnaces):
ENTHALPHY = h =
TOTAL HEAT FORMULA
RELATIVE HUMIDITY =
SPECIFIC HUMIDITY =
DEW POINT =
TOTAL PRESSURE (Ductwork) =
CFM =
RETURN AIR GRILLES –
3 PHASE VOLTAGE UNBALANCE =
NET OIL PRESSURE =
COMPRESSION RATIO =
HEAT PUMP AUXILIARY HEAT –
ARI HEAT PUMP RATING POINTS =
NON-BLEND REFRIGERANTS:
BLENDS –
28 INCHES OF WC =
NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION:
GAS PIPING (Sizing – CF/hr.) =
FLAMMABILITY LIMITS
COMBUSTION AIR NEEDED
ULTIMATE CO2
CALCULATING OIL NOZZLE SIZE (GPH):
FURNACE EFFICIENCY:
OIL BURNER STACK TEMPERATURE (Net) =
KELVIN TO CELSIUS:
CELSIUS TO KELVIN:
ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE MEASURED IN KELVINS
SINE = side opposite
COSINE = side adjacent
TANGENT =
PERIMETER OF SQUARE:
PERIMETER OF RECTANGLE:
PERIMETER OF SQUARE
PERIMETER OF CIRCLE:
AREA OF SQUARE:
AREA OF RECTANGLE:
AREA OF TRIANGLE:
AREA OF CIRCLE:
VOLUME OF RECTANGULAR SOLID:
VOLUME OF CYLINDRICAL SOLID:
CAPACITANCE IN SERIES:
CAPACITANCE IN PARALLEL:
GAS LAWS:
Charles’ Law:
General Gas Law:
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM:
Capacity of Schedule 80 steel pipe in foot per length in US gallons:
Infrared Thermometer Adjustment Values:
Aluminum
Brass
Chromium
Copper
Iron and Steel
Nickel
Zinc
Brick
Paints
Roofing Paper
Rubber
Water
Material/Weight (Ib./ft³)/Specific Heat (Btu/lb)
Gases
Metals
Liquids
Linear Measurement Equivalents (U.S. Conventional - SI Metric)
Area Equivalents ( U.S. to Metric )
Volume Equivalents ( U.S. and Metric )
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Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning

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Refrigeration and its application is met in almost every branch of industry, so that practitioners in other fields find that they have to become aware of its principles, uses and limitations. This book aims to introduce students and professionals in other disciplines to the fundamentals of the subject, without involving the reader too deeply in theory.

The subject matter is laid out in logical order and covers the main uses and types of equipment. In the ten years since the last edition there have been major changes in the choice of refrigerants due to environmental factors and an additional chapter is introduced to reflect this. This issue is on-going and new developments will appear over the next ten years. This issue has also affected servicing and maintenance of refrigeration equipment and there is an increased pressure to improve efficiency in the reduction of energy use.

This edition reflects these issues, whilst maintaining links with the past for users of existing plant and systems. There have also been changes in packaged air-conditioning equipment and this has been introduced to the relevant sections. The book gives worked examples of many practical applications and shows options that are available for the solution of problems in mechanical cooling systems. It is not possible for these pages to contain enough information to design a complete refrigeration system. The design principles are outlined. Finally,

Contents
1 Fundamentals
2 The refrigeration cycle
3 Refrigerants
4 Compressors
5 Oil in refrigerant circuits
6 Condensers and water towers
7 Evaporators
8 Expansion valves
9 Controls and other circuit components
10 Selection and balancing of components
11 Materials. Construction. Site erection
12 Liquid chillers. Ice. Brines. Thermal storage
13 Packaged units
14 Refrigeration of foods. Cold storage practice
15 Cold store construction
16 Refrigeration in the food trades – meats and fish
17 Refrigeration for the dairy, brewing and soft drinks industries
18 Refrigeration for fruit, vegetables and other foods
19 Food freezing. Freeze-drying
20 Refrigerated transport, handling and distribution
21 Refrigeration load estimation
22 Industrial uses of refrigeration
23 Air and water vapour mixtures
24 Air treatment cycles
25 Practical air treatment cycles
26 Air-conditioning load estimation
27 Air movement
28 Air-conditioning methods
29 Dehumidifiers and air drying
30 Heat pumps. Heat recovery
31 Control systems
32 Commissioning
33 Operation. Maintenance. Service. Fault-finding. Training
34 Efficiency and economy in operation
35 Catalogue selection
Appendix Units of measurement
References
Index
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HVAC AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

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HVAC and Refrigeration System: Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, Refrigerants, Coefficient of performance, Capacity, Factors affecting Refrigeration and Air conditioning system performance and savings opportunities.
Vapor absorption refrigeration system: Working principle, Types and comparison with vapor compression system, Saving potential

Contents
Introduction
Types of Refrigeration System
Common Refrigerants and Properties
Compressor Types and Application
Selection of a Suitable Refrigeration System
Performance Assessment of Refrigeration Plants
Factors Affecting Performance & Energy Efficiency of Refrigeration Plants
Energy Saving Opportunities
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Balancing of a water and air system

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A well performed testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB) of a HVAC system is essential for the proper performance of that system and can enhance indoor air quality and efficiency. Chapter 37 of the ASHRAE 2003 HVAC Applications Handbook gives the following definition of TAB:
HVAC system testing, adjusting, and balancing (TAB) is the process of checking and adjusting all environmental systems in a building to produce the design objectives. This process includes.
(1) Balancing air and water distribution systems
(2) Adjusting the total system to provide design quantities
(3) Electrical measurement
(4) Establishing quantitative performance of all equipment
(5) Verifying automatic control system operation and sequences of operation
(6) Sound and vibration measurement
These procedures are accomplished by checking installations for conformity to design, measuring and establishing the fluid quantities of the system as required meeting design specifications, and recording and reporting the results.

Contents
TBA (Testing, Balancing and Adjusting)
Testing and Balancing
- Preliminary office work
- Preliminary field inspection
- Preliminary procedures
The Preliminary Procedures
- Air Side
- Water Side
- Boiler
- Chiller and Condenser
- Electrical
- Controls
The Balancing Procedures
- Air Side
- Water Side
Airflow Measurement
- CFM, FPM, FT²
- Duct Flow
- Pitot tube Traverses
- Round Duct
- Square or Rectangular
- Flat Oval
Duct Friction loss
Duct Velocity
Balancing devices
- Volume dampers
- Turning vanes
Air Balancing Tolerances
Dual-Duct systems
VAV system
Fan tracking
Volumetric tracking
Plenum Pressurization tracking
Induction systems
Duct system pressure
- Static pressure
- Velocity pressure
- Total pressure
Calculation of CFM from Heat flow
- Air Density
- Enthalpy
Kitchen Ventilation
- Air Balancing
- Multiple Hood system
Hydronic Balancing system
- Heat at reduced flow rate
Hydronic pressure measuring instruments
Hydronic flow measuring
Venturi
Water side balancing
- Equipment
- Record Keeping
Sizing Balancing Valves
Hydronic balancing Methods
- Preparation
- System Preparation
- Pump start up
- Confirmation of system venting
- Balancing
- Balancing by Temperature Difference
- Proportional balancing
Pump Hydronic Volume Measurement
- Verification of Impeller size
- Determine Pump flow
Centrifugal pump performance
Net positive suction head
Valves
- Automatic valves
- Two-way valves
- Three-way valves
Constant volume water balancing procedure
Variable volume water balancing procedure
Expansion or compression tanks
Air Separators
Strainers
Valves
- Manual valves
- Gate valves
- Globe valves
- Plug valves
- Ball valves
- Butterfly valves
Series Loop
One pipe main
Primary-Secondary
Water cooling chiller
Air cooled chiller
Field Performance testing of chillers
- General Procedures
- Cooling tower testing
Report of results
Evaluating the test
Cooling towers
- Water Temperature
- Inlet air temperature
- Water flow rate measurement
- Fan motor power
- Wind Velocity
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Sunday, July 22, 2012

McQuay Controllers Handbook

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Table of Contents
Direct Expansion System
Single Split – Single Compressor (D2.0)
Single Split – Single Compressor (U1.5)
Single Split – Single Compressor (L208)
Single Split – Multi Compressor (SQ1.0)
Multi Split – Indoor Controller (MS10)
Multi Split – Outdoor Controller (MS5)
Chilled Water System
Fan Coil Unit – W1V3
Fan Coil Unit – W2
Mini Chiller – Single Compressor (MCH1)
Mini Chiller – Multi Compressor (MC1.0)
Handset
Sequential LCD
Netware 3
G6
SLM3
G7
G11
Appendix
Controllers’ Development
PCB Identification
Thermistor
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Thursday, July 19, 2012

COMPRESSOR TECHNICAL HANDBOOK

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 Table of Contents
1. Contents of Technical Manual
1-1. Catalogue Contents
1-2. Compressor Application Guide
1-3. Specification sheet
1-4. Compressor Technical Handbook

2. Basic Classification of LGEIL Compressor
2-1. Compressor Ranges
2-2. Application
2-3. Starting Torque Classification
2-4. Motor Types
2-5. Voltages & Frequencies
2-6. Compressor Electrical Components
2-7. Cooling Types
2-8. Compressor Nameplates Identification
2-9. Wiring Diagram

3. Supply Condition
3-1. Electrical Safety
3-2. Electrical Parts Safety
3-3. Hydrostatic Strength Of Compressor Shell
3-4. Residual Humidity
3-5. Oil Charge
3-6. Minimum Amount of Oil Lubricant
3-7. Acceptable Compressor Transportation and Lay-down Position
3-8. Inner Pressure Of Compressor
3-9. Painting
3-10. Compressor Packing: PAD Material Type
3-11. Compressor Packing : Cover Type
3-12. Compressor Packing Label
3-13. Compressor Packing Storage
3-14. Compressor Samples Packing
3-15. Packing Quantity in 20” Container

4. Installation of Compressor
4-1. Compressor Selection
4-2. Compressor Unpacking
4-3. Preparation of Refrigerating System Components
4-4. R134a Guide Line
4-5. Filter Dryer Selection
4-6. Capillary Tubes
4-7. Application of Rubber Grommets
4-8 Mounting Accessory Type
4-9. Mounting Type & Pitches
4-10. Terminal Protector Type
4-11. Welding of Compressor Tubes
4-12. Cooling Of Compressor
4-13. Vacuum Operations
4-14. Refrigerant Charge
4-15. Refrigerant Leaks Control
4-16. Electric Supply
4-17. Compressor Checking Procedures
4-18. Disclaimer of Liability

5. How to Return Supplied Compressor to LGEIL
5-1. Conditions
5-2. Return of Rejected Products
5-3. Test on the Customer Applications






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Tuesday, July 10, 2012

HVAC Design for Healthcare Facilities

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HVAC design for health care facilities is all about providing a safer environment for patients and staff. The basic difference between air conditioning for healthcare facility and that of other building types stem from:

1. The need to restrict air movement in and between the various departments (no cross movement).
2. The specific requirements for ventilation and filtration to dilute and reduce contamination in the form of odor, airborne micro organisms and viruses, and hazardous chemical and radioactive substances. Ventilation effectiveness is very important to maintain appropriate indoor air quality.
3. The different temperature and humidity requirements for various areas and the accurate control of environmental conditions.
4. The design sophistication to minimize the risk of transmission of airborne pathogens and preserve a sterile and healing environment for patients and staff.

These requirements demand very high quantities of outside air along with significant treatment of this ventilation air, including cooling, dehumidifying, reheating, humidifying and filtration


Contents
SECTION 1
HVAC FOR HEALTHCARE FACILITIES – AN OVERVIEW
Infection Control
Contact Transmission
Droplet Transmission
Airborne Transmission
ISOLATION ROOMS
- Airborne infection isolation (AII)
- Protective environment (PE)
How does above classification affect HVAC designer?
SECTION  2
HVAC CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR ISOLATION ROOMS
GENERAL VENTILATION
AIR CHANGE RATES
ROOM PRESSURE CONTROL
CLASS N – NEGATIVE PRESSURE ISOLATION ROOMS
Emergency Rooms and Reception Areas
CLASS P – POSITIVE PRESSURE ISOLATION ROOMS
Infection Control and Ventilation Requirements for PE rooms
Infection-Control and Ventilation Requirements for Operating Rooms
Special Challenges
ANTE ROOMS
Anteroom negative to both isolation room and corridor
Design # 2:
Anteroom positive to both isolation room and corridor
Design # 3:
Anteroom net neutral; negative to isolation room and positive to corridor
MONITORING OF ROOM PRESSURE
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF AIRFLOW
AIR DISTRIBUTION
Laminar Flow
AIR FILTRATION
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters
Portable HEPA Filters
Odor Control
Air Filtration to Protect HVAC Equipment
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)
LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION
Laboratories and Special Procedure Rooms
Kitchen Ventilation
Locker Room, Toilet, and Shower Space Ventilation
TEMPERAURE & HUMIDITY CONTROL
Temperature Control
Humidity Control
Dehumidification
Humidification
Temperature and Humidity Controls
REFERENCE STANDARDS
SECTION 3
HVAC SYSTEM & EQUIPMENT DESIGN
Type of HVAC System - Isolation Rooms and Critical Examination Rooms
Type of HVAC System - Normal Patient Care Rooms, Administrative and Non-critical Areas
CHILLERS
AIR HANDLING SYSTEM
Air Handling Equipment Sizing Criteria
Air Handling Units Specifications
Exhaust Fans
Air Distribution Ductwork
Noise Criteria
Duct Sizing Criteria
Pipe Sizing Criteria
HVAC EQUIPMENT LOCATION AND INSTALLATION
Air Handling Equipment
Cooling Towers
Air Intakes and Outlets
SECTION 4
CONTINGENCIES FOR HVAC DESIGN
Loss of Power
Code required systems
Generator-related equipment
Fire safety systems
Heating equipment to maintain inside design temperature where the outside design temperature is lower than +20°F
Supply, return, and exhaust air systems serving the following areas
HVAC Equipment serving above areas
HVAC system impact on generator size
SECTION 5
ENERGY CONSERVATION
Recommended Elements
- Room Pressurization
- Case-1: Assuming 0.05” w.g. positive pressurization
- Case-2: Assume 0.1” w.g. positive pressurization
- For case-1: 1800 CFM leakage
- For case-2: 2530 CFM leakage
- Use of Variable Air Volume Supply and Return Systems
Caution
- Optimal Equipment Sizing
- Optimizing Air distribution and Reducing Pressure Drop
- Efficient Filtration
- Heat Recovery Devices
Caution
- Selecting High Efficiency Equipment
- Don’t Overcool the Spaces
Caution
- Challenge the room volume
- Consider Alternate Cooling Strategies
CONCLUSION
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Laboratory Design Handbook

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The use of chemicals and other potentially hazardous compounds separates laboratories from other types of building spaces. Protecting the health and safety of laboratory and building occupants must be the primary concern. Comfort and energy-efficiency are also of considerable importance. The space temperature must remain comfortable for occupants while maintaining an appropriate temperature for chemical processes. At the same time, facilities are under pressure to minimize operating costs.

Even including the general criterion of safety, not all laboratories are alike. Different laboratories contain different hazard levels and uses. As an extreme example, it would be inappropriate to design a high-containment biological laboratory as if it were a general chemistry laboratory due to the high consequences should a biological laboratory’s containment be breached. A host of criteria, including safety, comfort and energy efficiency, must be considered when a laboratory is planned or renovated in order to determine the optimal design.

Contents
Introduction
General Goals of Laboratory
Safety
Comfort
Energy Efficiency
Laboratory Ventilation
Determining Supply Air Needed
Lab Control Type
Constant Volume
2-Position
Warning
Variable Air Volume (VAV)
Diversity
Laboratory Room Controls
Direct Pressure Controls
Flow Tracking Controls
Flow Tracking with Pressure Feedback Controls
Temperature Control
Fume Hoods
Architectural Issues
Fume Hood Testing
Test 1—Flow Visualization
Test 2—Face Velocity
Test 3—Containment
Fume Hood Control Type
Constant Volume Fume Hoods
2-Position Fume Hoods
VAV Fume Hoods
VAV Hood Controls
Sash Position Controls
Sidewall Sensing Controls
Control Components
Dampers
Flow Stations
Venturi Valves
Conclusion
Appendix A—Other Sources of Information
Appendix B—Calculating Airflows with Diversity
Appendix C—Control Sequence
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HVAC Assessment Handbook

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A Practical Guide to Performance Measurements in Mechanical Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems.

Introduction
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) relates to systems that perform processes designed to regulate the air conditions within buildings for the comfort and safety of occupants or for commercial and industrial processes or for storage of goods. HVAC systems condition and move air to desired areas of an indoor environment to create and maintain desirable temperature, humidity, ventilation and air purity.

Depending on geographic location and building construction, various types of interior climate control systems help ensure that interior spaces are maintained at comfortable levels year-round. With today’s energy conservation concerns, buildings are constructed to be much tighter, reducing the level of natural exchange between indoor and outdoor air. As a result, more and more buildings rely on mechanical conditioning and distribution systems for managing air.
A properly operated HVAC system finds the often-delicate balance between optimizing occupant comfort while controlling operating costs. Comfort is an important issue for occupant satisfaction, which can directly affect occupants concentration and productivity. At the same time, controlling these comfort and health parameters directly affects HVAC system operating costs in terms of energy, maintenance and equipment life.
This handbook is not intended to be a comprehensive guide for all possible issues associated with HVAC system operation and maintenance. There are volumes on the subject. Rather, it highlights some measurements and techniques that can be used to evaluate HVAC systems for optimum operation.

Contents
Introduction
Building Design and Operation
Efficiency vs. Effectiveness
Special Considerations
Indoor Air Quality
Outdoor Air
Key Performance Measurements
Air handling equipment
Combustion analysis
Air velocity
Ventilation
Air volume and number of changes
Thermal Comfort
Airborne contaminants as related to Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Differential Pressure
System Pressure
Air Filters
Conclusion
Sources for Information Relating to Managing Mechanical HVAC Systems
Standards and Guidelines
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Air Quality Guidelines
Glossary
Typical Mechanical Ventilation System
VTI Instruments from TSI
Notes
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Tuesday, June 12, 2012

Improving the Refrigeration Volume of the ASHRAE Handbook

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Table of Contents
Introduction
I. Summary of Recommendations
Keeping the volume more current, using volunteers
New information on critical and current topics
Improving guidance to authors and revisors
Improving usability: Restructuring and Glossary
II. Implementation Plan
1. PDH Credit for Reading, Testing and Commenting on Chapters
2. Create “The Encyclopedia of Refrigeration” in electronic edition
3. Board-level Requests to RSES, RETA IIR and IIAR
4. Allow IIAR and ASHRAE publication without rewriting
5. Allow TC Handbook Subcommittee Chairs to eMail requests
6. Ask local ASHRAE chapters to help
7. New chapter: Introduction to Refrigeration
8. New chapter: Designing for Safe Service
9. Add service safety to other chapters
10. New chapter: CO2 Refrigeration
11. Add CO2 information to other chapters and to Standard 15
12. Service safety - add checklist item to the authors-revisor’s guide
13. Sustainable refrigeration systems - add a defi nition with metrics
14. Improved section and chapter titles, and improved organization
15. New chapter: Glossary of Refrigeration Terms
16. New chapters - Compressors and Condensers
Appendices
A. Workshop Participants
B. Wording and glossary word suggestions
C. Statement of work for the project
D. Chapter reviews
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HOW TO SAVE ENERGY AND MONEY IN REFRIGERATION

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
2. THE REFRIGERATION PROCESS
2.1 The vapour compression cycle
2.2. Reverse Carnot Cycle
2.2.1 Coefficient of Performance
2.3 Theoretical Vapour Compression Cycle
2.3.1 Model Coefficient of Performance
2.3.2 Practical Considerations
2.4 Absorption Cycle
2.5 Special Refrigeration Systems
2.6 Variations on the simple Carnot circuit
2.6.1 Suction/liquid heat exchanger
2.7 Multiple evaporator circuits
2.7.1 Multiple compressor Systems
2.7.2 Cascade Systems
2.7.3 Heat Pump Systems
3. EQUIPMENT Compressors
3.1.1 Types of compressor housing
3.1.2 Hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors
3.1.3 Open compressors
3.1.4 Reciprocating compressors
3.1.5 Screw compressors
3.1.6 Scroll compressors
3.1.7 Compressor performance data
3.1.8 Capacity control
3.2 Evaporators
3.2.1 Direct expansion
3.2.2 Flooded
3.2.3 Oil control in evaporators
3.2.4 Energy efficient operation of evaporators
3.2.5 Defrosting
3.3 Expansion devices
3.3.1 Thermostatic expansion valves
3.3.2 Float valve systems
3.4 Condensers
3.4.1 Air-cooled condensers
3.4.2 Water-cooled condensers
3.4.3 Evaporative condensers
3.4.4 Loss of condenser efficiency due to air in system
4. REFRIGERANTS
4.1 Desirable Characteristics
4.2 Common Refrigerants - Vapour Compression Cycles
4.3 Common Refrigerants - Absorption Cycle
4.4 Brines and Secondary Coolants
5. ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES
5.1 Housekeeping Opportunities
5.1.1 General maintenance
5.1.2 Plant operation
5.1.3 Instrumentation
5.1.4 Trouble shooting
5.1.5 Housekeeping Worked Examples
5.2 Low Cost Opportunities
5.2.1 Low Cost Worked Examples
5.3 Retrofit Opportunities
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY OF TERMS
APPENDIX 2: ENERGY, VOLUME AND MASS CONVERSION FACTORS
APPENDIX 3: EXAMPLE OF MEASURING COP DIRECTLY
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Saturday, June 9, 2012

ELECTRICAL SAFETY HAZARDS HANDBOOK

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Introduction
Why is Electrical Safety so Important?
Electricity Basics
Ohm’s Law
Types of Electrical Faults
Overloads
Short Circuits
Overcurrent Protective Devices
Interrupting Rating
Current Limitation
Fuses
Circuit Breakers
Circuit Protection Checklist
History of Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Organizations
OSHA
The General Duty Clause
OSHA Regulations
NFPA
IEEE
NRTL
NEMA
ANSI
ASTM
NECA
Electrical Safety Codes and Standards
Working on Deenergized Equipment
Establish a Safe Work Condition
Working on Energized Equipment
Who is Qualified?
Energized Electrical Work Permit
Employer and Employee Responsibilities
Arc-Flash and Other Electrical Safety Hazards
Electrical Safety Hazards
Electric Shock
Arc-Flash and Arc Blasts
Arc-Flash Metrics
Arc-Blast Effect
Light and Sound Effects
Electrical Hazard Analysis
Shock Hazard Analysis
Approach Boundaries
Flash Hazard Analysis
Arc-Flash Calculations
Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Examples
IEEE 1584 Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation
NFPA 70E Table Method
Steps Required to Use the NFPA 70E Table Method
Minimizing Arc-Flash and Other
Electrical Hazards
1. Design a Safer System
2. Use and Upgrade to Current-limiting Overcurrent Protective Devices
3. Implement an Electrical Safety Program
4. Observe Safe Work Practices
5. Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
6. Use Warning Labels
7. Use an Energized Electrical Work Permit
8. Avoid Hazards of Improperly Selected or Maintained Overcurrent Protective Devices
9. Achieve or Increase Selective Coordination
Electrical Safety Summary
Annex A
Electrical Safety Terms and Definitions
Annex B
Electrical Safety Codes and Standards
Annex C
Energized Electrical Work Permit
Annex D
Arc-Flash Calculation Steps
Annex E
Arc Flash Calculator Tables
Annex F
Resources for Electrical Safety
Annex G
References
Annex H
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HVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing

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1. Heat Conduction and Thermal Resistance
2. Building Walls
3. Building Attic and Basement
4. Building Heat Loads
5. Psychrometric Chart
6. Air Conditioning Calculations
7. Duct Sizing
8. Ventilation
9. Cooling Load Temperature Difference and Heating Degree Days
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Water Source Heat Pump Design Manual

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Table of contents
The decentralized approach
Chapter 1. Design steps
Allowable flow rates for closed system piping
Flow graph for closed system piping
Sizing the cooling coil condensate drain piping
Chapter 2. Boilerless systems (all electric)
Chapter 3. System variations
Chapter 4. Water treatment
Chapter 5. Control of loop water temperatures
Chapter 6. Control of heat pump units
Chapter 7. Miscellaneous design considerations
Chapter 8. Building system design worksheet
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Air-water systems for air conditioning Design manual

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Contents
Experience and innovation
Air – water
System overview
Passive cooling systems
Passive chilled beams
Chilled ceiling components and elements
Induction units
Active chilled beams
Multi-service active chilled beams
Under sill induction units
Under floor induction units
Façade ventilation units
Under sill units
Under sill units for projects
Under floor units
Standards and guidelines
Documentation
Project management
References
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Metric Handbook

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - General Information And Guidance
A. Introduction
B. Metric Products
C. Metric Facts.
1. Length
2. Power
3. Pressure and Stress
D. Applying the Metric System
1. Becoming Familiar with the Size of Metric Units
2. Units of Length
3. Units of Weight
4. Units of Volume
E. Basic Metric
1. Base Units
2. Decimal Prefixes
3. Plane and Solid Angles
4. Derived Units
5. Liter, Hectare, and Metric Ton
F. Metric Rules
1. Rules for Writing Metric Symbols and Names
2. Rules for Writing Numbers
3. Rules for Conversion and Rounding
4. Rules for Linear Measurement (Length)
5. Rules for Area
6. Rules for Volume and Fluid Capacity
G. Conversion Factors for Length, Area, and Volume
H. Estimating Basics
1. Construction Time/Costs
2. Cost
3. Design Costs
4. Estimating Tools
I. Preferred Metric Dimensions in Building Construction
J. Construction Trades
K. Drawing and Specifications Guidance
1. Drawing Scales
2. Metric Units Used on Drawings
3. Drawing Sizes
4. Codes and Standards
5. Submittals
6. Specifications
Chapter 2 - General Information and Guidance
A. Architectural
1. Block
2. Brick
3. Carpet
4. Ceiling Systems
5. Drywall
6. Doors
7. Elevators
8. Glass
9. Lumber
10.Plywood
11.Roofing
12.Sheet Metal
13.Stone
14.Metal Studs
15.Woodwork
B. Civil Engineering
1.Units
2.Rules for Civil Engineering
C. Structural Engineering
1. Units
2. Rules for Structural Engineers
3. Structural Strategies
D. Surveying and Project Layout
E. Materials Guidance (General)
1. Concrete
2. Concrete Pipe
3. Geotechnical
4. Reinforcement
5. Pipe
6. General Fasteners
7. Anchor Bolts
8. Fastener Data
F. Electrical Engineering
1. Units
2. Rules for Electrical Engineering
3. Conversion Factors
4. Conduit
5. Cabling
6. Fiber Optics
7. Lighting Fixtures
G. Mechanical Engineering
1. Units
2. Rules for Mechanical Engineering
3. General Guidelines
4. Conversion
5. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
6. Pipes
7. Schedules
8. Temperature
Glossary of Terms Appendix 1
Conversion Tables Appendix 2
Project Plans (Illustrative Examples) Appendix 3
Road Design Data
Garage Elevation
Guardrail
Renovation Plan
Restroom Plan
Window
Door Jamb
Foundation Wall
Base Plate
Air Distribution
Reflected Ceiling
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HVAC-CHILLERS

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C O N T E N T S
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING
1.2 THE NEED FOR RADICAL THINKING
2 REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM EFFICIENCY
2.3 VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEMS
2.3.1 Operating Principle
2.3.2 Refrigerants: Ozone Depletion and Global Warming
2.3.3 Types of Compressor & Capacity Control
2.3.4 Evaporators
2.3.5 Condensers
2.3.6 Expansion Valves
2.4 SUB-COOLING
2.5 SUPERHEATING
2.5.1 Secondary Coolants
2.5.2 Specific Power Consumption of Vapour Compression Systems
2.6 VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
2.6.1 Operating Principle
2.7 CAPACITY CONTROL
2.7.1 Specific Fuel Consumption Of Vapour Absorption Systems
2.8 COOLING TOWERS
3 STRATEGIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY SAVING
3.1 MINIMISING REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING
3.2 OPERATING AT HIGHER EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
3.3 ACCURATE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE
3.4 REDUCTION IN HEAT LOADS
3.5 MINIMISING HEAT INGRESS
3.6 REDUCING VENTILATION HEAT LOAD
3.7 USING FAVOURABLE AMBIENT CONDITIONS
3.8 USE EVAPORATORS AND CONDENSERS WITH HIGHER HEAT TRANSFER EFFICACY
3.9 ENERGY SAVING OPPORTUNITIES IN NORMAL OPERATION
3.10 MAINTENANCE TO ENSURE ENERGY EFFICIENT OPERATION
3.11 ENERGY SAVING IN LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY AIR CONDITIONING
3.12 DESUPERHEATER FOR RECOVERING CONDENSER WASTE HEAT
3.13 INTER-FUEL SUBSTITUTION: ELECTRICITY SAVINGS BY USE OF ABSORPTION CHILLERS
3.14 GENERAL TIPS TO SAVE ENERGY IN COOLING TOWERS
4 THERMAL STORAGE FOR MAXIMUM DEMAND CONTROL
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 TECHNOLOGIES
5 SYSTEM DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT SELECTION: ENERGY ISSUES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 IMPORTANT ISSUES
5.2.1 Energy Cost
5.2.2 Refrigeration Load Estimation
5.2.3 System Design
5.2.4 Minimise Heat Ingress – Select Right Thermal Insulation
5.2.5 Sizing & Selecting the Right Refrigeration Machine
5.2.6 Controls for Energy Efficiency
6 CASE STUDIES
6.1 CASE STUDY 1: OPERATIONAL SAVING – CORRECT REFRIGERANT CHARGING
6.2 CASE STUDY 2: MATCHING COMPRESSOR CAPACITY TO ACTUAL LOAD BY SPEED VARIATION
6.3 CASE STUDY 3: REPLACEMENT OF INEFFICIENT CHILLER
6.4 CASE STUDY 4: INNOVATIVE RETROFIT PRECISION TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
6.5 CASE STUDY 5: ELIMINATION OF RE-HEAT IN LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY AIR CONDITIONING
6.6 CASE STUDY 6: LARGER HEAT EXCHANGERS IMPROVE COP
6.7 CASE STUDY 7: ELECTRONIC EXPANSION VALVES SAVE ENERGY
6.8 CASE STUDY 8: PRE-COOLING OF AUDITORIUM VENTILATION AIR
6.9 CASE STUDY 9: ENERGY SAVING IN FRUIT COLD STORES
6.10 CASE STUDY 10: TRI-FUEL CHILLER OPTIONS SAVES COST
7 REFERENCES
8 CONVERSION TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: Schematic Diagram of Vapor Compression System
Figure 2-2: Pressure – Enthalpy Diagram for Vapour Compression System
Figure 2-3: Roller Compressor
Figure 2-4: Rotary Sliding Vane Compressor
Figure 2-5: Reciprocating Compressor
Figure 2-6: Recips - Power at Part Load Operation
Figure 2-7: Screw Compressor
Figure 2-8: Screw - Power at Part Loads
Figure 2-9: Scroll Compressor
Figure 2-10: Centrifugal Compressor
Figure 2-11: Centrifugals – Power at Part Loads
Figure 2-12: Air Handling Unit for Cooling Air
Figure 2-13: Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
Figure 2-14: Plate Heat Exchanger
Figure 2-15: Grooved Tubes to Increase Surface Area
Figure 2-16: Tube Inserts to Increase Turbulence
Figure 2-17: Some Commonly Used Condensers
Figure 2-18: Schematic Diagram of Superheat Sensing Expansion Valve
Figure 2-19: Anti-freeze Solutions – Change in Freezing Point with Concentration
Figure 2-20: Schematic Diagram of Single Effect Absorption Chiller
Figure 2-21: Schematic Diagram of Double Effect Absorption Chiller
Figure 2-22: Schematic Diagram of Triple Effect Absorption Chiller
Figure 2-23: Counter-flow Induced Draft
Figure 2-24: Cross-flow Induced Draft
Figure 2-25: Variation of Cooling Water Leaving Temperature with Variation in Ambient WBT
Figure 3-1: Building Structure Cooling: Grid of Pipes on the Roof and Floor
Figure 3-2High Speed Door
Figure 3-3: Dock Leveler helps seal back of truck with building
Figure 3-4: Example of good thermal insulation in a chilled water system
Figure 3-5: Typical Modern Building with Glass Façade
Figure 3-6: Heat Pipes
Figure 3-7: Heat Wheel
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Summary of Status of Some Refrigerant Groups
Table 3-1: Reduction in Roof Underside Temperature due to Structure Cooling
Table 3-2: Effect of Evaporator and Condenser Temperatures on Refrigeration Machine Performance
Table 3-3: Heat Ingress into Air-conditioned Space through Open Doors
Table 3-4: Properties of Different Types of Window Glass
Table 5-1: Thumb Rules for Calculating Comfort Air-conditioning Load
Table 5-2: Thermal Conductivities of Some Insulating Materials
Table 5-3: Insulation thickness for Refrigeration Piping
Table 5-4: Comparison of Likely Energy Consumption for a Typical 100 TR Air-Conditioning System
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Manual For Refrigeration Servicing Technicians

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Introduction
Welcome to the Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians. It is an e-book for people who are involved in training and organization of service and maintenance of refrigeration and air-conditioning (RAC) systems. It is aimed at people who are:
• Service and maintenance technicians
• Private company service/maintenance managers
• Private company managers involved in developing their service and maintenance policy
• Private company technicians trainers
• Educational establishment RAC trainers and course developers
• National Ozone Units (NOUs) responsible for servicing and maintenance regulations and programmes related to the Montreal Protocol
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Saturday, April 21, 2012

HVAC ENGINEER'S HANDBOOK

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Preface
This book contains in a readily available form the data, charts and tables which are regularly required by heating by heating, ventilating and air conditioning engineers in their daily work
The data is presented in a concice manner to enable it to be applied directly in the actual daily work of the HVAC engineer.
The book is designed for everyday use and a comprehensive bibliography has been included for the benefit of those who wish to pursue the theoretical side of any particular topic

For this editon some errors have been corrected, the explanatory notes on the psychrometric chart been improved and the chart in previous editions has been replaced, with permission, by the well known CIBSE chart. Additional data has been include on design temperatures and ventilation rates and information has been inserted on precaution against legionellosis in both hot water systems and air conditioning plant.

The data on duct thicknesses and sizes has been revised to conform to current practice.
A new section has been included on natural ventilation and the information on types of refrigeration compressors has been expended.
The data on refrigerants has been completely revised to list the new non-CFC and non-HCFC refrigerants.
Practising engineers will still meet old plant which contains refrigerants which are now obsolete or obsolescent, and therefore the properties of the more important of these are also given.
The policy of previous editions of giving tabulated data in both SI and Imperial units has been continued although theoretical expression are generally given only in SI units.

Contents
1. Abbreviations, symbols and conversions
2. Standards for materials
3. Combustion
4. Heat and thermal properties of materials
5. Properties of steam and air
6. Heat losses
7. Cooling loads
8. Heating systems
9. Steam systems
10. Domestic services
11. Ventilation
12. Air conditioning
13. Pumps and fans
14. Sound
15. Labour rates
16. Bibliography
17. Standards
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Friday, April 20, 2012

Fundamentals of HVAC Controls

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HVAC systems are classified as either self-contained unit packages or as central systems. Unit package describes a single unit that converts a primary energy source (electricity or gas) and provides final heating and cooling to the space to be conditioned. Examples of self-contained unit packages are rooftop HVAC systems, air conditioning units for rooms, and air to-air heat pumps.

With central systems, the primary conversion from fuel such as gas or electricity takes place in a central location, with some form of thermal energy distributed throughout the building or facility. Central systems are a combination of central supply subsystem and multiple end use subsystems.

There are many variations of combined central supply and end use zone systems. The most frequently used combination is central hot and chilled water distributed to multiple fan systems. The fan systems use water-to-air heat exchangers called coils to provide hot and/or cold air for the controlled spaces. End-use subsystems can be fan systems or terminal units. If the end use
subsystems are fan systems, they can be single or multiple zone type. The multiple end use zone systems are mixing boxes, usually called VAV boxes.

Contents
Why Automatic Controls?
HVAC systems
How does central air-conditioning system work?
What Parameters are controlled?
Control Strategies
Where are HVAC controls required?
Benefits of a Control System
Control Basics
What is Control?
Elements of a Control System
Theory of Controls
Type of Control Systems
SENSORS
Type of Sensors
Classification of Sensors
Temperature Sensors
Electronic Sensors
Relative Humidity Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Flow Sensors
Air Flow Measurements
Dew Point Measurements
Liquid Level Measurements
CONTROLLERS
Controller Action
Identifying Reverse or Direct Action
CONTROLLER TYPES
RESET
CONTROLLED DEVICES
Control Valves
Coil Characteristics
Valve Characteristics
Sizing Control Valves
Dampers
Damper Applications
Actuators
Pumps & Fans Control
CONTROLLER RESPONSES
Two-Position Control
Floating DDC Control
Proportional Control
Proportional plus Integral (PI) Control
Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) Control
Stability of the System
DDC HVAC Systems
What is DDC?
DDC Terminology & Theory of Operation
DDC Hardware
The Control Network
Advantages of Using DDC
ENERGY SAVING FEATURES
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HVAC Acoustic Fundamentals

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Introduction
Occupant comfort is the goal of all HVAC designers. Sound (or noise) is a key parameter in measuring comfort, in addition to  temperature, humidity  and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). While acoustics consultants are usually involved in critical applications (such as performing arts centers), the task of creating a comfortable acoustic environment in most other applications falls on the HVAC engineer.  
This is because most background sound sources are generated by the HVAC equipment The purpose of this manual is to familiarize the designer will the basics of acoustics, and to apply these basics to typical HVAC designs.
Using This Manual The manual can be used as an application guide or as a primer for using the McQuay Acoustic Analyzer™ software program.   
The equations and approach described herein were used  in the creation of the Acoustic Analyzer program.      
Small differences can exist between the software and the manual because the Acoustic Analyzer program uses equations to estimate values as opposed to the tables listed in the manual. However, the difference in values will be very small. Examples that show how to perform some analyses are included in double lined boxes. Helpful tips are also provided.

Table of Contents
Introduction                                  
Using This Manual                                      
Sound Basics
General
Wavelength and Frequency                                                                             
Decibels
Sound Pressure vs. Sound Power                                                                               
Octave Bands                                       
Human Response to Sound                                      
Sound Pressure Evaluation Criteria                                        
Acceptable Sound Levels                                        
Sound Testing Methods                                       
HVAC Equipment Acoustics                                      
Calculating Sound Pressure from Sound Power                                        
Outdoor Sound Analysis                                  
General                                        
Outdoor Sound Analysis Basics                                       
Open Field Analysis                                       
Sound Barriers                                       
Reflecting Walls                                      
Indoor Sound Analysis – Zoned Comfort Systems                                    
General                                        
Sound in a Room                                        
Room Constant and Sound Absorption Coefficient                                        
Thompson and Schultz Equations                                       
Indoor Sound Analysis – Ducted Zoned Comfort Systems                                    
Radiated and Discharge Sound Power                                       
Multiple Path Concept                                       
Duct Sound Path                                       
Converting Ducted Sound Power to Sound Pressure                                       
Duct Breakout Sound Path                                        
Return Air Sound Path                                       
Diffuser Sound Path
Radiated Sound Path
Evaluating All the Sound Paths                                                                                                                      
Indoor Sound Analysis – Central Systems                                     
General                                        
Multiple Paths                                      
Central System Duct Sound Path                                       
Transmitted Sound                                       
Main Duct Breakout                                        
Return Air Path                                        
Evaluating Multiple Sound Paths and Locations                                        
Regenerated Noise                                    
General
Evaluating Regenerated Noise                                                                              
Conclusions                                    
Appendix 1  - References                                   
Appendix 2 – HVAC Equipment Sound Measurement Std
s                                  
General                                       
Appendix 3 – Various Acoustic Properties of Materials                                   
General
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HVAC Fundamentals

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Foreword
HVAC Fundamentals covers the full range of HVAC systems used in today’s facilities. This is a comprehensive book providing   the reader a detailed description of how HVAC systems operate. The HVAC systems are divided into components and controls for air, water, heating, ventilating and air conditioning to clearly illustrate the way in which each system, subsystem, control or   component contributes to providing the desired indoor environment.
The reader will learn why one component or system may be chosen over another with respect to design, application, energy   conservation, indoor air quality and cost. The book also covers heat flow fundamentals and the heat flow calculations used in
selecting equipment and determining system operating performance and costs. Fluid flow fundamentals and equations, and fundamentals of system testing and verification of system performance are also covered in this book. This gives the reader a   complete picture of systems from conception to operation. The chapters are organized in a way that one builds upon another and systems, components, design and application are revisited as the reader gains knowledge and insight about the workings   of HVAC systems.


Table of Contents

Chapter             1     HVAC Systems
Chapter             2     Heat   Flow
Chapter             3     Heating and Ventilating Systems
Chapter             4     Air   Conditioning   Systems
Chapter             5     Compressors
Chapter             6     Water Chillers
Chapter             7     Fans
Chapter             8     Air Distribution
Chapter             9     Variable Air Volume
Chapter            10     Pumps   and   Water   Distribution
Chapter            11     Control   Systems
Chapter            12     Control   System   Components
Chapter            13     Choosing an HVAC System
Chapter            14     Heat   Recovery
Chapter            15     Energy   Conservation   Opportunities
Chapter            16     Central Plant Water Chiller Optimization
Chapter            17     Fan Drives
Chapter            18     Terminology
Chapter            19     HVAC   Timeline
Index
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Thursday, April 19, 2012

COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS AND PRINCIPLES

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Cooling load calculations may be used to accomplish one or more of the following objectives:

     a)   Provide information for equipment selection, system sizing and system design.

     b)   Provide data for evaluating the optimum possibilities for load reduction.

     c)   Permit analysis of partial loads as required for system design, operation and control.

This course provides a procedure for preparing a manual calculation for cooling load.  A number of published methods, tables and charts from industry handbooks, manufacturer’s engineering data and manufacturer’s catalog data usually provide a good source of design information and criteria in the preparation of the HVAC load calculation.  It is not the intent of this course to duplicate this information but rather to extract appropriate data from these documents as well as provide a direction regarding the proper use or application of such data so that engineers and designers involved in preparing the calculations can make the appropriate decision and/or apply proper engineering judgment.
The course includes two example calculations for better understanding of the subject.



 TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1.0         OBJECTIVE
  2.0         TERMINOLOGY
  3.0          SIZING YOUR AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
                3.1          HEATING LOAD V/S COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
  4.0         HEAT FLOW RATES
                4.1          SPACE HEAT GAIN
                4.2          SPACE HEAT GAIN V/S COOLING LOAD (HEAT STORAGE EFFECT)
                4.3          SPACE COOLING                 V/S COOLING LOAD (COIL)
  5.0         COMPONENTS OF COOLING LOAD
  6.0         COOLING LOAD CALCULATION METHOD
                6.1          ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF VARIOUS CALCULATION METHODS
  7.0         DESIGN INFORMATION
                7.1          OUTDOOR DESIGN WEATHER CONDITIONS
                7.2          INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS AND THERMAL COMFORT
                7.3          INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS
                7.4          BUILDING PRESSURIZATION
                7.5          BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
                7.6          OPERATING SCHEDULES
  8.0         COOLING LOAD METHODOLOGY – CONSIDERATIONS & ASSUMPTIONS
                8.1          THERMAL ZONING
  9.0         CLTD/SCL/CLF METHOD OF LOAD CALCULATION (ASHRAE FUNDAMENTALS 1997)
                9.1          EXTERNAL COOLING LOAD
                9.2          INTERNAL COOLING LOADS
                9.3          HEAT GAIN FROM MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
10.0           SUPPLY AIR CALCULATIONS
11.0          EXAMPLE
               11.1          COOLING LOAD EXAMPLE IN US UNITS
               11.2          COOLING LOAD EXAMPLE IN METRIC UNITS
12.0          COMPUTER PROGRAMS
               12.1          ELITE CHVAC
               12.2          TRACE® 700
13.0          REFERENCES
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HVAC DESIGN MANUAL 2011

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This manual is intended for the Architect/Engineer (henceforth referred to as the A/E) and others engaged in the design and renovation of VA facilities. VA Medical Centers are encouraged to use these criteria for Non-Recurring Maintenance (NRM) and Minor Construction Projects to ensure quality control and uniformity in design and construction practices and procedures.

Use of this manual shall result in meeting the primary objective of providing environmental comfort to veterans, employees, and visitors. The HVAC system shall be:

    • Technically correct, complete, and coordinated
    • In compliance with all applicable safety standards
    • Easily accessible for repairs and maintenance
    • Energy efficient
    • In compliance with prescribed noise and vibration levels

Deviations from this manual may be proposed to promote new concepts and design enhancements. Deviations shall not conflict with Federal Regulations, Public Laws, Executive Orders, or the needs of the end users. Any deviations are subject to review and written approval by the VA Project Manager in consultation with VA Consulting Support Service. For projects designed and contracted by the Office of Construction and Facilities Management, the VA Project Manager is the VA Authority.  Interfacing with the VA Medical Center shall be through the VA Project Manager or his/her assigned individuals.

Contents
CHAPTER 1:          HVAC DESIGN MANUAL

1.1                 INTRODUCTION
1.2                 COMPLIANCE
1.3                 ENERGY CONSERVATION
  1.3.1             ASHRAE STANDARD 90.1 – 2007
  1.3.2             ASHRAE STANDARD 90.1 – 2010
1.4                 MANDATED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
  1.4.1             LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS – REQUIREMENTS
  1.4.2             LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS – METHODOLOGY
  1.4.3             ENERGY REDUCTION REQUIREMENT – NEW CONSTRUCTION
  1.4.4             ENERGY REDUCTION REQUIREMENT – MAJOR RENOVATIONS
  1.4.5             VA POLICY
1.4.5.1             Certification
1.5                 MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION
1.6                 ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES
1.7                 COMMISSIONING
1.8                 VA STANDARDS
  1.8.1             DESIGN MANUAL (by discipline) (PG-18-10)
  1.8.2             MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR A/E SUBMISSIONS (PG-18-15)
  1.8.3             MASTER CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS (PG-18-1)
  1.8.4             ARCHITECT ENGINEER REVIEW CHECKLIST
  1.8.5             DESIGN ALERTS
  1.8.6             A/E QUALITY ALERTS
  1.8.7             DESIGN GUIDES (graphical, by function) (PG-18-12)
  1.8.8             DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES (PG-18-3)
  1.8.9             STANDARD DETAIL AND CAD STANDARDS (PG-18-4)
1.8.10              PHYSICAL SECURITY DESIGN MANUAL FOR VA FACILITIES – MISSION
                    CRITICAL FACILITIES AND LIFE SAFETY PROTECTED FACILITIES
                    (FORMERLY CD-54)
1.8.11              COST ESTIMATING MANUAL
1.8.12               SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND ENERGY REDUCTION MANUAL
1.8.13              SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (STRUCTURAL) (H-18-18)
1.8.14              FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN MANUAL
1.8.15              BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL (BIM) GUIDE
1.9                 VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM
1.10                COMPUTER AIDED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT (CAFM)
1.10.1              CAFM AND EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE UTILIZATION
1.10.1.1            Introduction
1.11                HVAC DESIGN MANUAL AND A/E SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS
                    (PG-18-15)
1.11.1              COORDINATION
1.11.2              COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
1.11.3              EQUIPMENT SCHEDULES
1.11.3.1            Order of Presentation
1.11.3.2            Equipment Capacity and Performance Data Requirements
1.11.3.3            Equipment Schedules – Glycol Data
APPENDIX 1-A: VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM

HVAC DESIGN MANUAL 2011

CHAPTER 2:            HVAC DESIGN PARAMETERS AND SELECTION CRITERIA

2.1                   INTRODUCTION
2.2                   BASIS OF DESIGN
   2.2.1              OUTDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS
   2.2.1.1            Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
   2.2.1.2            Cooling Tower Selection
   2.2.1.3            Preheat Coil Selection
   2.2.1.4            Electrical Heating Devices Using Emergency Power
   2.2.2              INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS
   2.2.2.1            Indoor Minimum Relative Humidity
   2.2.3              COOLING AND HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS – PARAMETERS
   2.2.3.1            Occupancy
   2.2.3.2            Light and Power Loads
   2.2.3.3            Building Thermal Envelope
   2.2.3.4            Outdoor Air For Ventilation (Calculation Requirements)
   2.2.4              COOLING AND HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
   2.2.4.1            Room Data Output
   2.2.4.2            AHU Peak Cooling Load
   2.2.4.3            AHU Peak Supply Air Volume
   2.2.4.4            AHU Supply Air Volume and Duct Leakage Factor 5
   2.2.4.5            Psychrometric Analysis
   2.2.4.6            Building Peak Cooling Load
   2.2.5              ROOM TEMPERATURE CONTROLS
   2.2.5.1            Definition
   2.2.5.2            Individually Temperature Controlled Spaces
   2.2.5.3            Group Temperature Control
   2.2.5.4            Open Spaces
   2.2.6              PERIMETER HEATING
   2.2.6.1            General
   2.2.6.2            Heating System Description
   2.2.6.3            Heating Medium
2.3                   SPECIAL STUDIES
   2.3.1              ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS
   2.3.1.1            General
   2.3.1.2            Acoustic Mitigation Measures – HVAC Systems (Not including
                      Cooling Towers)
   2.3.1.3            Acoustic Mitigation Measures – Cooling Towers
   2.3.1.4            Unitary Equipment
   2.3.2              DISPERSION ANALYSIS
   2.3.2.1            General
   2.3.2.2            Scope of Work
2.4                   BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE (EXISTING FACILITIES ONLY)
2.5                   BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE (NEW FACILITIES)
2.6                   VIBRATION CONTROL
2.7                   SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS
   2.7.1              GENERAL
   2.7.2              EXCEPTIONS
   2.7.3              CONFORMANCE WITH SMACNA
   2.7.4              CALCULATIONS
2.7.5                  DRAWINGS
    2.7.5.1            General
    2.7.5.2            Ductwork and Piping Plans and Sections
    2.7.5.3            Equipment Restraints
2.8                    FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION
2.8.1                  COMPLIANCE
2.8.2                  EQUIPMENT AND CRITERIA
    2.8.2.1            Smoke Dampers and Detectors
    2.8.2.2            Fire Dampers
    2.8.2.3            Stair Pressurization
    2.8.2.4            Engineered Smoke Control System
    2.8.2.5           Atrium Smoke Control System
    2.8.2.6            Elevator Shaft Venting
2.9                    DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
2.9.1                  SITE SURVEY
    2.9.1.1            Site Visits
    2.9.1.2            Field Survey Report
    2.9.1.3           Additional Work
2.9.2                  MODIFICATIONS – EXISTING SYSTEMS
    2.9.2.1            Steam Radiators
    2.9.2.2            DDC Controls
    2.9.2.3            Existing Ductwork
    2.9.2.4            Refrigerant Removal
2.10                   PROJECT PLANNING
2.10.1                 PHASING
2.10.2                 UTILITY CONNECTIONS AND OUTAGES
2.11                   DEMOLITION WORK
2.12                   LOCATIONS OF OUTDOOR AIR INTAKES AND EXHAUST AIR OUTLETS
2.12.1                 COMPLIANCE – PHYSICAL SECURITY
2.12.2                 GENERAL
2.12.3                 COMMON OUTDOOR AIR INTAKE
2.13                   BID PACKAGE COORDINATION

CHAPTER 3:  AIRSIDE HVAC SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

3.1                    INTRODUCTION
3.2                   ALL-AIR SYSTEMS
3.2.1                  SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
    3.2.1.1            System Selection
    3.2.1.2            Maximum Capacity
    3.2.1.3           AHU Configuration
    3.2.1.4            Rooftop Air-Handling Units
    3.2.1.5            Supply Air Fan Selection
    3.2.1.6           Air Distribution
    3.2.1.7            Glycol
3.2.2                 ALL-AIR SYSTEM COMPONENTS
    3.2.2.1            Supply Air Fan(s)
    3.2.2.2            Return Air Fan(s
    3.2.2.3            Exhaust Fan(s)
    3.2.2.4            Motor Voltages
3.2.2.5           AHU Casing
   3.2.2.6           Access Sections and Mixing Box
   3.2.2.7            Blender Section
   3.2.2.8            Drain Pan
   3.2.2.9            Cooling Coils
3.2.2.10              Preheat Coils
3.2.2.11              Unit-Mounted Reheat Coils
3.2.2.12              Corrosion Protection – Coils
3.2.2.13              Filtration
3.2.2.14              Humidifiers – Steam
3.2.2.15              Humidifiers – Gas-Fired
3.2.3                ALL-AIR SYSTEM – TYPES
   3.2.3.1           Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
   3.2.3.2            Constant Volume (CV) Systems
   3.2.3.3           Air Terminal Units
3.3                  TERMINAL COOLING AND HEATING SYSTEMS
3.3.1                 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
   3.3.1.1           Terminal Cooling Systems
   3.3.1.2            DX Terminal Units
   3.3.1.3            Fan Coil Units
   3.3.1.4            Minimum Ventilation Air
   3.3.1.5            Minimum Ventilation Air-Handling Units (100% Outdoor Air)
3.3.2                 FAN COIL UNITS – SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
   3.3.2.1            System Applications
   3.3.2.2            Cooling Coil Condensate Piping
   3.3.2.3            Filtration
   3.3.2.4           Acoustic Measures
   3.3.2.5            Controls
3.4                   HEATING AND VENTILATION UNITS (HVU)
3.4.1                 DESIGN PARAMETERS
   3.4.1.1           Total Air Changes per Hour
   3.4.1.2            Heating Mode
3.4.2                 CENTRAL VENTILATION AND/OR HEATING SYSTEM
3.4.3                 SPLIT-FUNCTION OR SEPARATE HEATING AND VENTILATION
                      SYSTEM
3.5                   SUPPLY AIR OUTLETS
3.6                   HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS
3.6.1                 SENSIBLE HEAT TRANSFER
   3.6.1.1            Runaround System
   3.6.1.2            Fixed-Plate System (Air-to-Air)
   3.6.1.3            Heat Pipes
   3.6.1.4            Heat Wheel
3.6.2                 SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEAT TRANSFER
   3.6.2.1            Desiccant (Enthalpy) Heat Wheels
3.6.3                 LOAD CREDIT
3.6.4                 EXCEPTIONS – HEAT RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
3.7                   EXHAUST SYSTEMS
3.7.1                 GENERAL EXHAUST SYSTEM
   3.7.1.1           Applications – Individual Spaces
   3.7.1.2           Applications – Air-Handling Unit Systems
3.7.2              SPECIAL EXHAUST SYSTEM – APPLICATIONS
   3.7.2.1           Dry Exhaust Systems
   3.7.2.2           Wet Exhaust Systems
3.8                  FUME HOOD EXHAUST SYSTEMS
  3.8.1              GENERAL
  3.8.2              SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
  3.8.3              COMPLIANCE
  3.8.4              BASIS OF DESIGN (H3 AND H7 HOODS)
   3.8.4.1           General
   3.8.4.2           Specific Requirements
  3.8.5              H14 HOODS
  3.8.6              EXHAUST AIR VOLUME
  3.8.7              EXHAUST SYSTEM DESIGN
   3.8.7.1           Constant Volume (CV) Design
   3.8.7.2           Variable Air Volume (VAV) Hoods (General Purpose and Chemical
                     Hoods and Radioisotope Hoods Only)
3.9                  BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS (BSC)
  3.9.1              COMPLIANCE
  3.9.2              CABINET CLASSIFICATION
   3.9.2.1           Class I Cabinets
   3.9.2.2           Class II Cabinets
  3.9.3              BIOLOGICAL SAFETY LEVEL 3 (BSL3)
3.10                 DESIGN CRITERIA – AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
3.10.1               DUCT DESIGN – GENERAL
3.10.1.1             Compliance
3.10.1.2             Duct Materials
3.10.1.3             Duct Selection Criteria
3.10.1.4             Mandatory Requirement
3.10.1.5             Duct Pressure Classification
3.10.1.6             Flexible Ducts
3.10.1.7             Underground Ducts
3.10.1.8             Shielded Ducts
3.10.1.9             Minimum Duct Size
3.10.2               LIMITING DUCT SIZING PARAMETERS
APPENDIX 3-A:            BIO-SAFETY LEVEL 3 (BSL3) FACILITIES

CHAPTER 4:  BUILDING COOLING AND HEATING SYSTEM

4.1                   INTRODUCTION
4.2                  COOLING SYSTEMS – CHILLED WATER
  4.2.1              CENTRAL CHILLED WATER PLANTS and SMALL CHILLED WATER
                     SYSTEMS
   4.2.1.1           General
   4.2.1.2           Chilled Water Optimization Study – Central Plants and Small Systems
   4.2.1.3           Central Chilled Water Plant Sizing
   4.2.1.4           Maximum Chiller Capacity
   4.2.1.5           Standby Chiller Capacity
   4.2.1.6           Small Chilled Water Systems
   4.2.1.7           Minimum System Volume – Small Chilled Water Systems
   4.2.1.8           Minimum Performance Compliance (ASHRAE Standard 90.1 – 2007)
4.2.2              CHILLED WATER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
   4.2.2.1           Chilled and Condenser Water Pumps
   4.2.2.2           Cooling Towers
   4.2.2.3           Water Treatment – Chilled Water System
   4.2.2.4           Water Treatment – Condenser Water System
  4.2.3              PIPING AND PUMPING ARRANGEMENT
   4.2.3.1           Constant Volume System
   4.2.3.2           Variable Flow Systems – Chilled Water
  4.2.4              CHILLED WATER FREEZE PROTECTION – PROPYLENE GLYCOL
   4.2.4.1           VA Policy
   4.2.4.2           Freeze Protection Measures
4.3                  COOLING SYSTEMS – DIRECT EXPANSION (DX)
  4.3.1              GENERAL
  4.3.2              SELECTION CRITERIA
  4.3.3              DX SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
   4.3.3.1           Refrigerant Piping
   4.3.3.2           Multiple Compressors
   4.3.3.3           System Controls
4.4                  HEATING SYSTEMS
  4.4.1              STEAM HEATING SYSTEM
   4.4.1.1           General
   4.4.1.2           Steam Pressure Classification
   4.4.1.3           Steam Pressure Requirements
   4.4.1.4           Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Stations – Section Guidelines
   4.4.1.5           Steam System Components and Procedures
  4.4.2              HYDRONIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS
   4.4.2.1           General
   4.4.2.2           Hot Water Source – Steam
   4.4.2.3           Hot Water Source – Hot Water Boilers
   4.4.2.4           Hot Water Design Temperature
   4.4.2.5           Fuel Selection
   4.4.2.6           Hot Water Piping and Pumping
   4.4.2.7           Freeze Protection – Hot Water
   4.4.2.8           Terminal Units
  4.4.3              ELECTRICAL HEATING SYSTEMS
   4.4.3.1           General
   4.4.3.2           Applications
4.4.3.3.             Controls
  4.4.4              GAS HEATING SYSTEMS
   4.4.4.1           General
   4.4.4.2           Applications
  4.4.5              GEOTHERMAL HEATING
4.5                  DESIGN CRITERIA – PIPING SYSTEMS
  4.5.1              PIPE DESIGN – GENERAL
   4.5.1.1           Pipe Selection Criteria
   4.5.1.2           Minimum Pipe Size
   4.5.1.3           Mandatory Requirements
   4.5.1.4           Miscellaneous Requirements
  4.5.2              LIMITING PIPE SIZING PARAMETERS
APPENDIX 4-A:            PROPYLENE GLYCOL – WATER SOLUTION

CHAPTER 5:           AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROLS

5.1                  GENERAL
5.2                  BASIC DESIGN
  5.2.1              NEW FACILITY OR RENOVATION
5.2.1.1              Option 1
5.2.1.2              Option 2
5.2.1.3              Option 3
5.2.1.4              Option 4
5.2.1.5              Option 5
5.3                  BACNET CONTROLLER IDENTIFICATION
5.4                  SPECIFIC REQUIRMENTS
  5.4.1              CONTROL ACTUATORS
  5.4.2              CONTROL VALVES
  5.4.3              CONTROL DAMPERS
  5.4.4              END-SWITCHES
  5.4.5              SAFETIES
  5.4.6              CONTROL WIRING
  5.4.7              AIR FLOW MEASURING STATIONS
  5.4.8              PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)
  5.4.9              LAPTOP COMPUTER
5.4.10               SOFTWARE
5.4.11               COLOR GRAPHICS
5.4.12               SPREADSHEETS
5.4.13               SECURITY
5.4.14               STATUS MONITORING
5.4.15               ROOM TEMPERATURE SENSORS
5.5                  HUMIDITY SENSORS
  5.5.1              METERING REQUIREMENTS
5.6                  SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
  5.6.1              GENERAL
  5.6.2              AIRESIDE CONTROLS
5.6.2.1              Air-Handling Units
5.6.2.2              Individual Room Temperature or Pressure Control
  5.6.3              HEATING SYSTEM CONTROLS
  5.6.4              CHILLED WATER SYSTEM CONTROLS
  5.6.5              NON-DDC CONTROLS
5.7                  DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
  5.7.1              SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND CONTROL SEQUENCE
  5.7.2              POINT LIST

CHAPTER 6:           APPLICATIONS

6.1                  GENERAL
6.2                  DEDICATED AIR-HANDLING UNITS
6.3                  COMMON (NON-DEDICATED) AIR-HANDLING UNITS
  6.3.1              COMMON ROOMS
6.3.1.1              Patient Examination, Treatment, and Procedure Rooms
6.3.1.2              Non- Patient Rooms – Support Areas
6.3.1.3              Non Patient Rooms – Miscellaneous Areas
6.4                   GENERAL NOTES
6.4.1                 INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS
6.4.1.1               Common Design Conditions
6.4.2                 AIR BALANCE
6.4.2.1               Definitions
6.4.2.2               Design Considerations
6.4.3                 INDIVIDUAL ROOM CONTROL
6.4.3.1               Individual Room Control
6.4.4                 EXHAUST CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION
                      ROOM DATA SHEETS

DEDICATED AHU SYSTEM DATA SHEETS AND ROOM DATA SHEETS
ANIMAL RESEARCH AND HOLDING AREAS – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                      AHU System Data Sheet
ANIMAL RESEARCH AND HOLDING AREAS – ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Animal Receiving and Examination Room
                      Animal Room (Cubical Housing)                    
                      Animal Room (Large Animal Room) 
                      Animal Room (Small Animal Room)                       
                      Animal Treatment Room                
                      Cage Wash Room
                      Cage Wash Room (with Tunnel Washer)                           
                      Carcass and Waste Storage                  
                      Clean Cage Storage Room 
                      Cold Room
                      Diagnostic Laboratory 
                      Diet Kitchen
                      Dry Feed and Bed Storage
                      Environmental Laboratory 
                      Equipment Storage 
                      Hazardous Waste Disposal Room
                      Incinerator Room
                      Necropsy
                      Procedural Laboratory (Barrier Suite)
                      Procedural Laboratory (Chemical/Radioisotope)                             
                      Procedural Laboratory (Infectious Disease)                        
                      Procedural Laboratory (Standard)
                      Quarantine Room
ANIMAL SURGICAL SUITE AND RABBIT HOLDING AREAS – ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Animal Operating Room (Survival)
                      Animal Operating Room (Terminal)
                      Animal Surgical Preparation Room
                      Control Booth
                      Corridors
                      Dark Room
                      Holding Area – Rabbits
                      Post Operative Intensive Care
                      Radiographic Room
                      Scrub and Gown
                      Surgical Work and Supply
ATRIUM – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                    AHU System Data Sheet
AUDITORIUMS AND THEATERS – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                    AHU System Data Sheet
AUTOPSY SUITE – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                    AHU System Data Sheet
AUTOPSY – ROOM DATA SHEET
                    Autopsy Room
                    Gross Specimen Storage Room
                     Non-Refrigerated Body-Holding Room 
DINING AREA (CAFETERIA) – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                    AHU System Data Sheet
EMERGENCY CARE UNIT – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                    AHU System Data Sheet
EMERGENCY CARE UNIT – ROOM DATA SHEET
                     Emergency Waiting Room
                     Examination Room
                     Life Support Unit
                     Nurses Station
                    Observation/Treatment
GYMNASIUM – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                    AHU System Data Sheet
IMAGING SERIES – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                    AHU System Data Sheet
IMAGING SERIES (MRI UNIT) – ROOM DATA SHEET
                     MRI Control Room
                     MRI Scanning Room 
                     MRI Systems Component Room
                     MRI Visiting Area
IMAGING SERIES (NUCLEAR MEDICINE SERVICES) – ROOM DATA SHEET
                     Bone Densitometry Room
                     Nuclear Medicine Scanning Room (Patient Examination Room)
                     Nuclear Pharmacy Laboratory (Hot Laboratory) Storage and
                     Preparation Area
                     Patient Dose Administration
                     PET/CT Control
                     PET/CT Scanning Room
                     PET/CT System Component Room
IMAGING SERIES (RADIATION THERAPY SERVICES) – ROOM DATA SHEET
                    CT Simulator Control Area
                    CT Simulator Unit Room
                     Linear Accelerator Room/Control Area
                    Treatment Planning Computer Room - Dosimetry Room
                     Ultrasound Planning Unit Room
IMAGING SERIES (RADIOLOGY SERVICES) – ROOM DATA SHEET
                    CT Area - Control Room
                    CT Area - Scanning Room
                     IR Area - Special Procedure (SP) Control Room
                     IR Area - SP Room
                     IR Area - SP System Component Room
                     Patient Area - Chest Room
Patient Area - General Purpose Radiology Room
                     Patient Area - Mammography Room
                     Patient Area - Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Room
                     Patient Area - Ultrasound Room
                     Radiology Waiting Room
KITCHEN (FOOD PRODUCTION) – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                     AHU System Data Sheet
LABORATORIES – AIR HANDLING UNIT
                     AHU System Data Sheet
LABORATORIES – ROOM DATA SHEET
                     Bacteriology
                     Biochemistry
                     Cytology
                     Dry Laboratories
                     Glass Washing
                     Histology
                     Media Transfer
                     Microbiology
                     Pathology
                     Serology
                     Sterilizing
MAIN COMPUTER ROOM - AIR CONDITIONING UNIT (CRAC Units)
                     AHU System Data Sheet
MAIN ENTRANCE LOBBY - AIR HANDLING UNIT
                     AHU System Data Sheet 
NURSING WING - AIR HANDLING UNIT
                     AHU System Data Sheet
NURSING WING - ROOM DATA SHEET
                     Intensive Care Units (ICU)
                     Litter Bath
                     Nurses Station
                     Patient Bedrooms
                     Patient Bedrooms (Acute Respiratory)
                     Patient Bedrooms (Psychiatric Ward)
                     Toilets - Patients (Interior)
                     Toilets - Patients (Perimeter)
PHARMACY SERVICE - AIR HANDLING UNIT
                     AHU System Data Sheet 
PHARMACY SERVICE - ROOM DATA SHEET
                     Ante Room (Hazardous Clean Room)
                     Ante Room (Non-Hazardous Clean Room)
                     Clean Room (Hazardous Applications)
                     Clean Room (Non-Hazardous Applications)
                     Controlled Substance Vault and Secured Dispensing/Receiving
                     Area
                     Dispensing, Pre-Packing, and EXTEMP
                     Drug Information Service
                     EXTEMP Repacking and Compounding
                     Medicine Assignment and Stat Counter
                     Prescription Receiving, Filling Assembly
                     Production Area – CMOP
Unit Dose and Ward Stock 
SPINAL CORD INJURY/DISORDERS CENTER - AIR HANDLING UNIT
                      AHU System Data Sheet 
SPINAL CORD INJURY/DISORDERS CENTER - ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Activities of Daily Living 
                      Activities of Daily Living - Toilet
                      Acute Care Ante Room            
                      Acute Care Isolation - Negative Air Balance
                      Acute Care Isolation - Positive Air Balance 
                      Acute Care One Bedroom
                      Acute Care Two Bedroom
                      Acute Respiratory One Bedroom
                      Corridor
                      Day Room/Lounge
                      Home Environment Learning
                             Bathroom
                             Bedroom 
                             Kitchen
                             Living/Dining
                      Hydrotherapy/Tubroom
                      Internet Cafe
                      Litter Storage
                      Main Entrance and Canopy Section 
                      Multipurpose Room
                      Nourishment Kitchen
                      Nurse Station/Ward Clerk
                      Outpatient Urodynamics Clinic Clean Utility Room
                      Patient (Litter) Bathroom
                      Resident Dining/Serving
                      Resident Storage
                      Spinal Cord Injury/Disorders - Long Term Care
                            Computer Lab
                             (On Unit) Resident Dining Serving
                            One-Bed Room
                             PET/KT/OT Clinic
                             Recreation Therapy
                            Special Care Room
                            Two-Bed Room
                            Visitor Lounge
                      Therapeutic Pool
                      Therapeutic Pool - Female Dressing Room
                      Therapeutic Pool - Male Dressing Room
                      Therapy Rooms
                             Kinesiotherapy Treatment Clinic
                            Occupational Therapy
                             Physical/Kinesiology Therapy 30 Beds
                             Physical/Kinesiology Therapy 60 Beds
                             Physical Therapy Treatment Clinic
                      Transfer Equipment Storage
Urodynamic Rooms
                             Cystoscopy/Lithotripsy
                             Dressing Room/Cubicle 
                             Exam/Treatment Room
                             Instrument Cleaning Room
                             Nurse Station
                             Recovery Room 
                             Storage Room
                             Urologist Office
STANDALONE SMOKING FACILITY - AIR HANDLING UNIT
                      AHU System Data Sheet 
SUPPLY PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION (SPD) - AIR HANDLING UNIT
                      AHU System Data Sheet 
SPD CLEAN - ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Ante Room
                      Assistant Chief
                      Bulk Storage
                      Case Cart Holding
                      Chief
                      Clean HAC
                      Clean Lockers – Men
                      Clean Lockers – Women
                      Clean Toilet/Showers – Men
                      Clean Toilet/Showers – Women
                      Dispatch Area
                      ETO Sterilizer/Aerator Room
                      First Clerk Office
                      Non Sterile Storage
                      PPE
                      Preparation, Assembly, and Sterilization Area
                      Receiving & Breakout
                      Satellite SPD Storage
                      Scope Storage Room
                      Staff Breakroom/Conference
                      Sterile Storage
SPD SOILED (DIRTY) - ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Automatic Cart Washer
                      Decontamination Ante Room
                      Decontamination Area
                      Decontamination HAC
                      Decontamination Lockers/PPE Ante Room
                      Decontamination Lockers – Men
                      Decontamination Lockers – Women
                      Decontamination Toilet/Shower – Men
                      Decontamination Toilet/Shower – Women
                      Detergent and Water Treatment
                      Endoscope Processing/High Level Disinfection
                      Manual Equipment Wash
                      Sterilizer Equipment Room
SURGICAL SUITE - AIR HANDLING UNIT
                      AHU System Data Sheet
SURGICAL SUITE - ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Anesthesia Workroom & Equipment
                      Clean Core
                      Controls & Communication Center
                      Cystoscopic Rooms
                       Frozen Section Laboratories
                      Gas Cylinder Storage Room
                       Heart Lung Machine Preparation
                       Instrument Preparation and Storage
                       Nerve Block Induction Room
                      Operating Rooms
                       Plaster Splint Storage
                       Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
                       Radiographic Film Processing Room
                      Semi-Restricted Corridor
                      Soiled Holding/Disposal Room
                      Sub-Sterile Room

COMMON (NON-DEDICATED AHU) ROOM DATA SHEETS
PATIENT EXAMINATION, TREATMENT, AND PROCEDURE ROOMS - ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Audiology Office/Therapy Room
                      Audiometric
                       Blood Draw Room
                       Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) Suite 
                              Donors Room
                              Medication Preparation Room
                              Patient Rooms
                              Recovery Rooms
                       Dental Suite
                             Ceramic Room
                             Oral Surgery Recovery Room
                             Oral Surgery Room
                              Prosthetic Laboratory
                             Treatment Operatory
                       Examination Rooms
                       Isolation Rooms
                             Airborne Infection Isolation (AII) (Negative Air Pressure)
                                    AII Ante Room (Optional) 
                                    AII Isolation Room            
                              Combination Airborne Infection Isolation/Protective Environment
                              (AII/PE) 
                                    AII/PE Ante Room
                                    AII/PE Isolation Room
                              Protective Environment (PE) (Positive Air Pressure)
                                     PE Ante Room (Optional) 
                                     PE Isolation Room 
                      Orthopedic Clinic (Cast Room)
                       Procedure Room/Class A Operating 
                       Pulmonary Exercise Room
                      Special Procedure Rooms
                             Aerosolized Pentamidine
Bronchoscopy
                            Cardiac Catheterization
                            Colonoscopy/EGD
                            Cystoscopy
                             Endoscopy
                             Fluoroscopy
                            Gastrointestinal
                             Proctoscopy
                            Sigmoidoscopy
                            Sputum Collection
                      Therapy Rooms
                             Hydrotherapy/Therapeutic Pool
                             Kinesiotherapy
                            Occupational Therapy
                             Physical Therapy
                      Treatment Rooms
                            Chemotherapy
                             Dermatology
                             Phototherapy/Shower Room
                      Tub Room
                     Ventilatory Test Room
                     Visual Field/Photography Room
                     Vital Signs Station
NON PATIENT ROOMS - SUPPORT AREAS - ROOM DATA SHEET
                     Admission and Main Waiting                
                      Barber Shop
                      Chapel 
                      Class Room     
                      Conference Room 
                      Corridors 
                      Dressing Room 
                      Gift Shop (Retail Store) 
                      Library
                      Locker Room (with Toilets)
                      Locker Room (without Toilets)
                      Lounge
                      Medical Media Service (MMS)
                            Audio Visual Storage/Checkout
                            Camera Copy
                            Client Review Room
                            Computer Imaging System Network
                             Darkroom (Printing/Enlarging)
                             Expanded Core - Illustration Room
                             Expanded Core - Stat Camera
                             Photo Finishing
                             Photo Studio/Audio Visual Recording
                             Photomicrography
                            Video Editing CCTV Control Room
                      Medical Records 
                      Medication Room 
                      Multipurpose Room
offices
                      Pool Dressing/Toilet/Shower-Male/Female
                      Toilets - Public (Interior) 
                      Toilets - Public (Perimeter)
NON PATIENT ROOMS - MISCELLANEOUS AREAS - ROOM DATA SHEET
                      Attic Space 
                      Audiology Instrument Calibration and Repair Shop
                      Battery Charging Room 
                      Biomedical Instrument Repair Shop 
                      Clean Utility/Storage Room 
                      Computer Lab Room 
                      Copy/Printing Room (Large)
                      Copy/Printing Room (Small)
                      Crawl Space (Pipe Basement)                 
                      Electrical Equipment Rooms (EER)
                             Electrical Equipment Closets without Internal Heat Gain
                             Satellite and Main Electrical Rooms with Internal Heat Gain
                      Elevator Machine Room 
                      Engineering Control Center Room
                      Engineering Shops (Maintenance)
                      Exterior Stairs 
                      Housekeeping Aid Closet (HAC) 
                      Kitchenette
                      Litter Storage 
                      Loading Dock 
                      Maintenance Garages
                      Mechanical Equipment Rooms (MER)
                             Air Handling Equipment Rooms 
                             Heating Rooms 
                             Refrigeration Equipment Rooms 
                      Reagent Grade Water Treatment Room
                      Soiled Utility and Storage Room
                      Standby Generator Room               
                      Trash Collection Room
                      Vestibules   
                      Walk-in Refrigerator and Freezers
                      Warehouse (Central) with Pharmacy 

CHAPTER 7:            CLIMATIC DATA

Table 7-1:            CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Table 7-2:            HIGH HUMIDITY LOCATIONS
Table 7-3:            LOW HUMIDITY LOCATIONS
CHAPTER 8:            ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES

8.1                   ABBREVIATIONS
8.2                   REFERENCES
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