The Copper Tube Handbook

Since primitive man first discovered copper, the red metal has constantly served the advancement of civilization.
Archaeologists probing ancient ruins have discovered that this enduring metal was a great boon to many peoples.
Tools for handicraft and agriculture, weapons for hunting, and articles for decorative and household uses were wrought from copper by early civilizations.
The craftsmen who built the great pyramid for the Egyptian Pharaoh Cheops fashioned copper pipe to convey water to the royal bath.
A remnant of this pipe was unearthed a testimonial to copper’s durability and resistance to corrosion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING COPPER TUBE
I. STANDARD TUBES
Types of Copper Tube
Properties
Identification of Copper Tube
II. SELECTING THE RIGHT TUBE FOR THE JOB
 Advantages of Copper Tube
 Recommendations for Various Applications
III DESIGN AND INSTALLATION DATA
Pressure System Sizing
Pressure Ratings and Burst Strength
Drainage Plumbing Systems
Copper Tube for Heating Systems
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Nonflammable Medical Gas Piping Systems
Snow-Melting Systems
Irrigation and Agricultural Sprinkler Systems
Solar Energy Systems
General Considerations

TECHNICAL DATA
TABLES:           
TABLE 1. Copper Tube: Types, Standards, Applications, Tempers, Lengths
TABLE 2. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube:
2a: Type K
2b: Type L
2c: Type M
2d: DWV
2e: ACR Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service
2f: Medical Gas, K and L
TABLE 3. Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube:
3a. Type K
3b. Type L
3c. Type M
3d. DWV
3e. ACR
TABLE 4a. Pressure-Temperature Ratings of Soldered and Brazed Joints
TABLE 4b. Pressure-Temperature Ratings of No-flame Joints
TABLE 5. Actual Burst Pressures, Type K, L and M Copper Water Tube, psi at Room Temperature
TABLE 6. Pressure Loss of Water Due to Friction in Types K, L and M Copper Tube
TABLE 7. Pressure Loss in Fittings and Valves Expressed as Equivalent Lengths of Tube
TABLE 8. Radii of Coiled Expansion Loops and Developed Lengths of Expansion Offsets
TABLE 9. Dimensions of Solder Joint Ends for Wrought and Cast Fittings
TABLE 10. Solder Requirements for Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings
TABLE 11. Typical Brazing Filler Metal Consumption
TABLE 12. Filler Metals for Brazing
FIGURES: FIGURE 1. Arrangement for anchoring DWV stack passing through a concrete floor
FIGURE 2. Collapsing pressures of copper tube, types K, L and M
FIGURE 3. Expansion vs. temperature change for copper tube
FIGURE 4 a,b,c. Coiled expansion loops and expansion offsets
FIGURE 5. Selected pressure fittings
FIGURE 6. Dimensions of solder joint fitting ends
FIGURE 7. Melting temperature ranges for copper and copper alloys, brazing filler metals, flux and solders
FIGURE 8. Brazing flux recommendations

WORKING WITH COPPER TUBE
IV. BENDING
TABLE:           
TABLE 13. Bending Guide for Copper Tube
V. JOINING METHODS
 Solder or Brazed Joints
 Solders
 Fluxes
VI. FITTINGS, SOLDERS, FLUXES
Fittings
Solders
Fluxes
VII. SOLDERED JOINTS
Measuring and Cutting
Reaming
Cleaning
Applying Flux
Assembly and Support
Heating
Applying Solder
Cooling and Cleaning
Testing
VIII. BRAZED JOINTS
Brazing Filler Metals
Fluxes
Assembly
Applying Heat and Brazing
Horizontal and Vertical Joints
Removing Residue
General Hints and Suggestions
Testing
Purging
IX. FLARED JOINTS
X. ROLL GROOVE JOINTS
Preliminary Requirements
Installation Steps
Testing
XI. PRESS-CONNECT JOINTS
Preliminary Requirements
Installation Steps
Testing
XII. PUSH-CONNECT JOINTS
Preliminary Requirements
Installation Steps
Testing
XIII. MECHANICALLY FORMED EXTRUDED OUTLETS
Preliminary Requirements
Installation Steps
Testing
APPENDIX
XIV. ORGANIZATIONS
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